The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, observed annually on March 21, serves as a global reminder of the urgent need to combat racial injustice, promote equality, and build inclusive societies. The United Nations (UN) proclaimed this day in 1966 in response to the Sharpeville Massacre in South Africa. On March 21, 1960, in Sharpeville, South Africa, police opened fire on a peaceful protest against apartheid laws, killing 69 people and injuring many others. This tragic event highlighted the deep racial divisions and oppression faced by non-white citizens under the apartheid regime. In honor of the victims and as a commitment to eradicating racial discrimination, the UN established this day to encourage nations to redouble their efforts toward racial justice.

Racial discrimination continues to persist in many forms worldwide, from systemic inequalities in education and employment to social exclusion and hate crimes. Observing this day is crucial as it raises awareness about the historical and ongoing struggles against racism, encourages governments, organizations, and individuals to take concrete steps to eliminate discrimination, and promotes dialogue and policies that support diverse and inclusive communities.

Coinciding with the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Australia observes Harmony Day on March 21. Introduced in 1999, Harmony Day is a national celebration of cultural diversity, inclusivity, and respect. It encourages Australians to embrace multiculturalism and recognize the contributions of people from different backgrounds. The key message of Harmony Day, "Everyone Belongs," emphasizes the importance of social cohesion. Australians participate in various events such as community festivals, school activities, and workplace initiatives to highlight the beauty of diversity.

Both the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and Harmony Day remind us that achieving racial equality requires collective effort. Individuals and communities can contribute to a more inclusive society by educating themselves and others about different cultures and the impact of racism, speaking out against discrimination in conversations, social settings, and online platforms, supporting anti-racism initiatives, and celebrating diversity by participating in cultural events and fostering relationships across different communities.

March 21 is more than just a day of remembrance—it is a call to action. Whether through the UN’s International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination or Australia’s Harmony Day, we are reminded that a world free of racial discrimination is possible through unity, education, and advocacy. By standing together, we can create a future where everyone, regardless of race or background, is treated with fairness, dignity, and respect.

While Harmony Day is widely celebrated in Australia, it has faced criticism. One of the primary concerns is that it does overshadow the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, shifting the focus from addressing systemic racism to a more generalised celebration of multiculturalism.

Critics argue that by emphasizing "harmony" without explicitly acknowledging racial discrimination and inequality, the day avoids addressing deeper structural issues such as racism, discrimination, and social injustice. 

Another criticism is that Harmony Day was introduced by the Australian government in 1999, the same year that it chose not to formally recognize the UN's International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Some view this as a deliberate move to avoid confronting Australia’s history of racism, including the mistreatment of Indigenous Australians and policies such as the White Australia Policy.

Additionally, some argue that Harmony Day’s focus on celebrating diversity can sometimes lead to superficial displays of cultural appreciation, such as food festivals or wearing orange, without meaningful action toward eliminating racial discrimination or improving policies that affect marginalised communities.

This can result in a "feel-good" approach that does not challenge the deeper issues of racism, exclusion, and systemic inequality.

The reality is that systemic racism exists and should not be overlooked when celebrating Harmony Day, and if celebrating or supporting Harmony Day, these realisties should also be addressed.